四级语法专题---连词与从句
2003-03-01 17:13 | komi
从句类以状语从句最难,这里仅此精讲.其余的相信大家是没问题的.
状语从句
1.when 引导的状语从句放在主句之后,可以表示没有料到却突然发生的事情,意思上相当于and,then,suddenly,强调动作的突然性.when 后面还可以接suddenly.这种when 从句一般有三种情况.
1)与was (just) doing 或 was连用时,如:
I was taking a walk when I came across my aunt .
我正在散步,不料却遇上了我的婶婶.
I was just writting a composition when the doorbell rang .
我正要写一篇作文,突然门铃响了.
I was in bed when suddenly I heard someone shout ,help,help!
我睡在床上,突然听见有人喊救命.
2)与was (just) about to do 连用时,如:
I was just about to go out when it began to rain .
我还没出门,突然天下起雨来了.
3)与 in the middle of 或 on the point of 连用时,如:
She was in the middle of telling me the news when a cloud came over her face .
她正在告诉我这个消息,突然她脸色阴沉了下来.
I was just on the point of leaving when she came in .
我正要走,她却突然走了进来.
四级真题
I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived __Susan caught up with me.(2001.1)
A)when B)while C)until D)though
答案:A 我在回到我我母亲住的小屋的半路上,突然苏姗赶上了我.
I was ___ the point of teltphoning him when his letter arrived.(1999.6)
A)to B)on C)at D)in
答案:B 我正要给他打电话,不料他的信来了.
2. had hardly (或scarcely,barely,just) done 要与 when 连用,都表示刚...就的意思.前半句一般用过去完成式;而when或then后面要接过去式.
The performance had scarcely begun when (或before) the light went out .
演出一开始灯就灭了.
He had barely arrived when the telephone rang .
他刚刚到达电话就响了.
We had just came back when he received an invitation .
我们刚刚回来他就收到了一张请贴.
We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke.
我们刚刚出发就下起了雷暴雨.
如果要把hardly,scarcely,barely,或no sooner 放在句首,则需使用倒装语序,had就应该放在主语之前.
No sooner had he arrived than he began to complain .
他一到就开始抱怨.
四级真题
I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ___I heard voices.(1997.6)
A)as B)when C)after D)while
答案: B 我刚动身回家去换衣服,就听到有人在说话.
3.曾考过的状语从句的连词有unless,as(so) long as ,if only ,provided,
还没有考过的有suppose,supposing(that),assuming(that),providing(that) in case , in the event that , on condition (that) 等.
如: Suppose your girlfriend is late ,what will you say ?
假如你的女朋友来迟了,你会怎么说?
Assuming (that) it rains tomorrow,what shall we do ?
如果明天下雨,我们该怎么办?
In case the house burns down .We will get the insurance money .
如果房子被烧毁,我们将会得到保险金.
In the event that our team wins ,we will have a dinner party .
如果我们队获胜,我们就来一次聚餐.
You may borrow the book ,on condition that you return it within a month.
你可以借这本书,条件是你要在一个月之内归还.
4.祈使句+and(或or)...will do 是一种句型.如果指过去的事就用would代替will.这里的祈使句相当于条件状语从句.这种句子,在形式上 是一个并列句,在意义上却相当于一个状语从句+主句
如: One more step ,and you will fall into the river.
(One more step = If you walk one more step)
再走一步你就掉到河里去了.
Study hard or you will fail the exam.
你要努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的.
四级真题
Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ___advertisements showing happy ,balanced families.(1995.6)
A) are often B)often see C)will often see D) have often seen
答案:C 打开电视或者翻开一本杂志,你常会看见显示幸福美满家庭的广告.
5. as,since,because,now (that), in that , seeing that ,等都可以引导原因状语从句.考试重点是now that , in that .
如:Now that he is absent ,you will have to do all the job by yourself.
既然他没来,你就只好自己干活了.
Now you are coming ,all my grief is removed.
因为你来了,我的一切悲伤都一扫而光.
I'm in a slight awkward position in that my secretary is on holiday at the moment .
我的处境有点尴尬,因为我的秘书正在度假.
6.not that ...but that ...与rather that ... not that ...中的that 也是表原因的.分别表示 不是(因为)...而是(因为)...和 是(因为)...而不是(因为)... 它们是较为特殊的句型.句首有时还有It is .
如:(It is ) just that I'm going to lose this job .
只是因为我要丢掉这份工作了.
(It's)not that I don't like this subject ,but that I can't learn it well.
并非是我不喜欢这门课而是我学不好它.
It is rahter that she was very busy then ,not that she didn't feel like it .
是她那个时候太忙,并不是不喜欢它.
四级真题
Not that John doesn't want to help you .__it's beyond his power.(1995.1)
A) but that B) for that C)and that D)in that
答案:A 并不是约翰不想帮你,而是他帮不了.
7. when it comes to .这里的to是介词
When it comes to English ,he is the best in the class .
涉及到英语时,他就是班上最好的.
四级真题
Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores ,and this is especially true __ it comes to classroom test.
A)when B)since C)before D) after
答案:A 做好家庭作业是提高你的考试成绩稳当可靠的方法.当涉及到课堂考试时更是如此.
8 the instant, the minute, the day, the first time ,等都可以引导时间状语从句而作连词.前三个表示 一...就... ,相当于as soon as
The instant he saw her he fell in love.
他一见到她就爱上她了.
The first time I saw him ,he was a little boy of five .
我第一次见到他时他还是个5岁的孩子.
It happened the day we left .
事情发生在我们离开的那一天.
四级真题
We haven't met for 20 years, but I realized her __ I saw her(2001,6)
A)for the moment B) the moment when C)at the moment D)the moment
答案:D 我们20年没见过面了,但是我一见到她就认出她来了.
You see the lightening ___ it happens ,but you hear the thunder later.
(1997.1)
A) the instant B)for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant
答案:A 闪电一发生你就看见了,但过一会你才能听到雷声.
9 that ,so that , in order that ,lest ,in case ,for fear that 等都引导目的状语从句.其中lest和in case 是考试重点.lest要与虚拟语气连用(见虚拟语气专题)
如:In case I forget ,please remind me about it .
如果我忘了,请提醒我一下.
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains .
带上一把伞,以防下雨.
四级真题
I was advised to arrange for insurance __ I needed medical treatment.(1999.1)
A) nevertheless B) although C) in case D) so that
答案:C 人家劝我投保,以备治疗之需.
10 as 引导让步状语从句时,它的前面通常有一个词这个词是可以不带冠词的名词,原形动词,much, hard 等副词,形容词,过去分词如:
Child as he is ,he had good manners.
(名词不带冠词,不可以用A child)
他虽让是一个孩子,却很有礼貌.
Go as you will ,I'll stay here for supper.
(不带to的不定式,但主语后面必须有will,would, could 等情态动词)
即使你要走,我也要留下吃晚饭.
Bad as the weather is he goes out without hesitation.
(Bad 作从句的表语)
尽管天气恶劣,他还是毫不犹豫的走了出去.
四级真题
___,he does get annoyed with her sometimes .
A) Although much he likes her
B) Much although he likes her
C) As he likes her much
D) Much as he likes her
答案: D 虽然他很喜欢她,但有时他的确生她的气.
11. while 的用法
1)表示当...的时候,引导时间状语从句
Don't get off the bus while it is in motion.
当公汽还没停时不要下车.
2)表示 而...却,用作并列连词
You like sports ,while I'd rather read.
你喜欢运动,而我却宁可读书.
3)表示 只要,引导条件状语从句
While there is a life ,there is hope.
只要有生命就有希望.
4)表示 虽然 放在句首引导让步状语从句
While I like the color of the car , I don't like its shape.
我虽然喜欢这辆车的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状.
让步状语从句的连词though,although, even if, once , even though
四级真题
____ receiving financial support from family , community or the government is alllowed ,it is never admired .
A)As B)Once C)although D)Lest
答案:B 虽然从家庭,社会或政府得到经济支持时允许的,但永远不会得到称赞.
12 as...as(肯定式) 之间和 not so...as(否定式) 之间只能接原级形容词,副词
表示倍数或分数的词应该放在第一个as之前
当第一个as之前有倍数或分数,而as之后有形容词+名词时
可以说(倍数+as+原级+名词) 或 名词+倍数+as+原级
如: I have twice as many books as she has .
I have books twice as many as she has .
四级真题
The trupet player was certainly boud . But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ＿＿＿ by his lack of of talent.
A) than B) more than C)as D) so much as
答案: D 这个小号手吹得当然响亮,可是使我感到心烦的与其说是响声太大,不如说他的演奏才能太差.
连词这里只讲等立连词
or else 用作等立连词,意思是 否则.
如:Hurry up or else we'll be late.
快点,否则我们就迟到了.
rather than用作连词,连接前后两个平行项表示 而不是.
如: He is a teacher rather than a doctor.
他是一个老师而不是医生.
四级真题
I think I was at school ,___ I was staying with a friend during the vaction when I heard the news.(2000.6)
A) or else B)and the C)or so D)even so
答案:A 在假期里,当我听到这个消息时,我想我是在学校否则就是何一个朋友在一起.
Young adults _____ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.(1996.6)
A)other than B)more than C)less than D)rather than
答案:D 年轻人而不是年长者,更有可能喜欢流行歌曲.
如有错误请大家指正谢谢!
-
状语从句
1.when 引导的状语从句放在主句之后,可以表示没有料到却突然发生的事情,意思上相当于and,then,suddenly,强调动作的突然性.when 后面还可以接suddenly.这种when 从句一般有三种情况.
1)与was (just) doing 或 was连用时,如:
I was taking a walk when I came across my aunt .
我正在散步,不料却遇上了我的婶婶.
I was just writting a composition when the doorbell rang .
我正要写一篇作文,突然门铃响了.
I was in bed when suddenly I heard someone shout ,help,help!
我睡在床上,突然听见有人喊救命.
2)与was (just) about to do 连用时,如:
I was just about to go out when it began to rain .
我还没出门,突然天下起雨来了.
3)与 in the middle of 或 on the point of 连用时,如:
She was in the middle of telling me the news when a cloud came over her face .
她正在告诉我这个消息,突然她脸色阴沉了下来.
I was just on the point of leaving when she came in .
我正要走,她却突然走了进来.
四级真题
I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived __Susan caught up with me.(2001.1)
A)when B)while C)until D)though
答案:A 我在回到我我母亲住的小屋的半路上,突然苏姗赶上了我.
I was ___ the point of teltphoning him when his letter arrived.(1999.6)
A)to B)on C)at D)in
答案:B 我正要给他打电话,不料他的信来了.
2. had hardly (或scarcely,barely,just) done 要与 when 连用,都表示刚...就的意思.前半句一般用过去完成式;而when或then后面要接过去式.
The performance had scarcely begun when (或before) the light went out .
演出一开始灯就灭了.
He had barely arrived when the telephone rang .
他刚刚到达电话就响了.
We had just came back when he received an invitation .
我们刚刚回来他就收到了一张请贴.
We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke.
我们刚刚出发就下起了雷暴雨.
如果要把hardly,scarcely,barely,或no sooner 放在句首,则需使用倒装语序,had就应该放在主语之前.
No sooner had he arrived than he began to complain .
他一到就开始抱怨.
四级真题
I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ___I heard voices.(1997.6)
A)as B)when C)after D)while
答案: B 我刚动身回家去换衣服,就听到有人在说话.
3.曾考过的状语从句的连词有unless,as(so) long as ,if only ,provided,
还没有考过的有suppose,supposing(that),assuming(that),providing(that) in case , in the event that , on condition (that) 等.
如: Suppose your girlfriend is late ,what will you say ?
假如你的女朋友来迟了,你会怎么说?
Assuming (that) it rains tomorrow,what shall we do ?
如果明天下雨,我们该怎么办?
In case the house burns down .We will get the insurance money .
如果房子被烧毁,我们将会得到保险金.
In the event that our team wins ,we will have a dinner party .
如果我们队获胜,我们就来一次聚餐.
You may borrow the book ,on condition that you return it within a month.
你可以借这本书,条件是你要在一个月之内归还.
4.祈使句+and(或or)...will do 是一种句型.如果指过去的事就用would代替will.这里的祈使句相当于条件状语从句.这种句子,在形式上 是一个并列句,在意义上却相当于一个状语从句+主句
如: One more step ,and you will fall into the river.
(One more step = If you walk one more step)
再走一步你就掉到河里去了.
Study hard or you will fail the exam.
你要努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的.
四级真题
Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ___advertisements showing happy ,balanced families.(1995.6)
A) are often B)often see C)will often see D) have often seen
答案:C 打开电视或者翻开一本杂志,你常会看见显示幸福美满家庭的广告.
5. as,since,because,now (that), in that , seeing that ,等都可以引导原因状语从句.考试重点是now that , in that .
如:Now that he is absent ,you will have to do all the job by yourself.
既然他没来,你就只好自己干活了.
Now you are coming ,all my grief is removed.
因为你来了,我的一切悲伤都一扫而光.
I'm in a slight awkward position in that my secretary is on holiday at the moment .
我的处境有点尴尬,因为我的秘书正在度假.
6.not that ...but that ...与rather that ... not that ...中的that 也是表原因的.分别表示 不是(因为)...而是(因为)...和 是(因为)...而不是(因为)... 它们是较为特殊的句型.句首有时还有It is .
如:(It is ) just that I'm going to lose this job .
只是因为我要丢掉这份工作了.
(It's)not that I don't like this subject ,but that I can't learn it well.
并非是我不喜欢这门课而是我学不好它.
It is rahter that she was very busy then ,not that she didn't feel like it .
是她那个时候太忙,并不是不喜欢它.
四级真题
Not that John doesn't want to help you .__it's beyond his power.(1995.1)
A) but that B) for that C)and that D)in that
答案:A 并不是约翰不想帮你,而是他帮不了.
7. when it comes to .这里的to是介词
When it comes to English ,he is the best in the class .
涉及到英语时,他就是班上最好的.
四级真题
Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores ,and this is especially true __ it comes to classroom test.
A)when B)since C)before D) after
答案:A 做好家庭作业是提高你的考试成绩稳当可靠的方法.当涉及到课堂考试时更是如此.
8 the instant, the minute, the day, the first time ,等都可以引导时间状语从句而作连词.前三个表示 一...就... ,相当于as soon as
The instant he saw her he fell in love.
他一见到她就爱上她了.
The first time I saw him ,he was a little boy of five .
我第一次见到他时他还是个5岁的孩子.
It happened the day we left .
事情发生在我们离开的那一天.
四级真题
We haven't met for 20 years, but I realized her __ I saw her(2001,6)
A)for the moment B) the moment when C)at the moment D)the moment
答案:D 我们20年没见过面了,但是我一见到她就认出她来了.
You see the lightening ___ it happens ,but you hear the thunder later.
(1997.1)
A) the instant B)for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant
答案:A 闪电一发生你就看见了,但过一会你才能听到雷声.
9 that ,so that , in order that ,lest ,in case ,for fear that 等都引导目的状语从句.其中lest和in case 是考试重点.lest要与虚拟语气连用(见虚拟语气专题)
如:In case I forget ,please remind me about it .
如果我忘了,请提醒我一下.
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains .
带上一把伞,以防下雨.
四级真题
I was advised to arrange for insurance __ I needed medical treatment.(1999.1)
A) nevertheless B) although C) in case D) so that
答案:C 人家劝我投保,以备治疗之需.
10 as 引导让步状语从句时,它的前面通常有一个词这个词是可以不带冠词的名词,原形动词,much, hard 等副词,形容词,过去分词如:
Child as he is ,he had good manners.
(名词不带冠词,不可以用A child)
他虽让是一个孩子,却很有礼貌.
Go as you will ,I'll stay here for supper.
(不带to的不定式,但主语后面必须有will,would, could 等情态动词)
即使你要走,我也要留下吃晚饭.
Bad as the weather is he goes out without hesitation.
(Bad 作从句的表语)
尽管天气恶劣,他还是毫不犹豫的走了出去.
四级真题
___,he does get annoyed with her sometimes .
A) Although much he likes her
B) Much although he likes her
C) As he likes her much
D) Much as he likes her
答案: D 虽然他很喜欢她,但有时他的确生她的气.
11. while 的用法
1)表示当...的时候,引导时间状语从句
Don't get off the bus while it is in motion.
当公汽还没停时不要下车.
2)表示 而...却,用作并列连词
You like sports ,while I'd rather read.
你喜欢运动,而我却宁可读书.
3)表示 只要,引导条件状语从句
While there is a life ,there is hope.
只要有生命就有希望.
4)表示 虽然 放在句首引导让步状语从句
While I like the color of the car , I don't like its shape.
我虽然喜欢这辆车的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状.
让步状语从句的连词though,although, even if, once , even though
四级真题
____ receiving financial support from family , community or the government is alllowed ,it is never admired .
A)As B)Once C)although D)Lest
答案:B 虽然从家庭,社会或政府得到经济支持时允许的,但永远不会得到称赞.
12 as...as(肯定式) 之间和 not so...as(否定式) 之间只能接原级形容词,副词
表示倍数或分数的词应该放在第一个as之前
当第一个as之前有倍数或分数,而as之后有形容词+名词时
可以说(倍数+as+原级+名词) 或 名词+倍数+as+原级
如: I have twice as many books as she has .
I have books twice as many as she has .
四级真题
The trupet player was certainly boud . But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ＿＿＿ by his lack of of talent.
A) than B) more than C)as D) so much as
答案: D 这个小号手吹得当然响亮,可是使我感到心烦的与其说是响声太大,不如说他的演奏才能太差.
连词这里只讲等立连词
or else 用作等立连词,意思是 否则.
如:Hurry up or else we'll be late.
快点,否则我们就迟到了.
rather than用作连词,连接前后两个平行项表示 而不是.
如: He is a teacher rather than a doctor.
他是一个老师而不是医生.
四级真题
I think I was at school ,___ I was staying with a friend during the vaction when I heard the news.(2000.6)
A) or else B)and the C)or so D)even so
答案:A 在假期里,当我听到这个消息时,我想我是在学校否则就是何一个朋友在一起.
Young adults _____ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.(1996.6)
A)other than B)more than C)less than D)rather than
答案:D 年轻人而不是年长者,更有可能喜欢流行歌曲.
如有错误请大家指正谢谢!
-