阅读理解的技巧（主要针对高中生）
2003-11-15 00:10 | Weepingstone
阅读理解的技巧
>>问题类型
1 主旨提问:包括文章大意,作者观点,文章的合适标题等
2 信息提炼:需要从原文中找到答案或经过对原文信息的简单加工整理得到答案,例如:Which of the
following is true according to the passage?How many persons were involved in the story?
3 细节理解:对文中个别句,词的理解,或对文中涉及到的事件发生的原因作出解释
4 推断猜测:根据文章含义来推测已发生事件的原因或未知事件的结果等
5 其他
说明:以上列出了阅读理解的常见问题类型,从中可以发现,有至少80%的题目答案(这是一个极其重要的
事实)是可以直接在原文中找到或对原文信息进行简单加工后得到的.即使是推断题,其范围也只局限于
文章的浅层含义(按照符合常理的理解),因此做这类题时切忌"理解"过深(我以前就经常这样)或随意展
开想象的翅膀,应该以"文"为本.
>>误区分析
1 只要能把文章完全看懂,就能把题目全都作对
这几乎是一个普遍的观点了,也是我以前在阅读理解上失分的主要原因.但是,当我们在对答案时,发现自
己原先很有把握的选择却和答案不一致,是不是感到很不平,甚至去怀疑答案呢?关键在于明确这种试题
的特点:阅读理解重在"理解",但这里的"理解"不是我们对文章的随意理解,而是出题者希望我们产生的
那种理解.我虽然痛恨思想的束缚,但是我强烈建议在做这类题时尽量忘记"个性",不要产生任何"非分"
的想法.一般来说,如果你对文章的理解没有什么障碍,那么在做题时可以很快地排除至少两个选项,最后
往往在剩下的两个选项中犹豫不决.这时你需要有非常清醒的头脑,不要犹豫,也不要试图利用主观推理
来确定你的答案,而要回到文章中去,根据主旨句,题目的叙述等能够利用的一切线索来帮你找答案.始终
记住:文章本身是它后面所有题目的基础,做任何题都不要脱离文章.下面就这个问题举一个例子,是本次
期中考试的第一篇阅读理解中的第59题,先给出原文:
Sometimes love can happen by accident.A man known of his mental quickness was able to do
something about it.
Mark Twain was on board ship,bound for Holy Land,when he got to know a young man called
Charles J Langdon of Elmira,New York.These were the early day's of Twain's growing fame.
Langdon told Twain how much he admired his writing.Twain was already getting used to this
kind of attention,but when Longdon showed him a photo of his sister,Olivia,he was
immediately smitten.He just had to meet the girl!
Back in the United States,Twain managed to get an invitation to the Langdon home to stay
for a week,with the only intent of finally meeting the beautiful "Livy",whose face he could
not forget.He was not to be disappointed.He was entirely taken with her.He found himself
deeply in love,with the week drawing to a close.He knew Livy was the darling of the family,
and his own feelings put him in a difficult situation with his hosts.
"My week is up",he told Langdon,"and I must go home"When Longdon advised him to stay a bit
longer,Twain said,"I am in love".
"In what?"
"In love -- with your sister,and I ought to get away from here".
Much as he admired Twain as a writer,Langdon was instantly alarmed.The Langdon family agreed
that no man was good enough for darling Livy.He stopped pressing Twain to extend his stay.
Immediately after dinner,they packed into Langdon's wagon to ride to the station,only to be
thrown onto the street when the seat of the wagon came loose.
Twain was only frightened by the accident,but he made the most of it.He ramained at the
Langdon house another two weeks to "recover".He won the heart of his Livy,and they were
married.
59.The author would most likely agree with which of the following statement?
A.Mark Twain had planned his trip to Holy Land so that he could meet Livy.
B.Mark Twain purposefully loosened the screws on the wagon seat.
C.Mark Twain knew how to make chance happen.
D.Mark Twain was an ill-mannered man.
首先排除D选项.A选项叙述的是已经发生的事实,与题意不符,也可以排除.剩下来的是比较迷惑人的B和C
选项.想象力丰富的同学可能会倾向于B选项,以前的我也很可能会这样选,但是上文已经说过,做阅读理解
时最好把想象力收敛一些.这时注意一下题目:The author would most likely agree with...显然是在
询问作者观点,而作者的观点最有可能出现在原文的开头或末尾.看看文章的开头:Sometimes love can
happen by accident.A man known for his mental quickness was able to do something about it.
后面一句是关键,因为它非常明确地表达了作者的观点,再把它和59题的C选项比较,不难的出结论:A man
known for his mental quickness指的就是Mark Twain这样的人,并且两句话的意思相近.这些理由足够
使你下定决心选C了.由此可见做题时参考文章的重要性.
这次期中考试的阅读理解题有一定难度,但我想文章难是一方面,另一个重要方面是文章后的个别题目设
计得有难度,例如第三篇文章的第65题,原文如下:
Your mind,like your body,is a thing,the powers of which are developed by effort.That is
major use,as I see it,of hard work in studies.Unless you train your body you can't be much
of a scholar.The four miles a runner covers at top speed is in itself nothing to the good,
but the physical capacity to hold out over the course is thought to be of some worth.So a
good part of what you learn by hard study may not be kept forever in your mind,and may not
seem to be of much final value,but your mind is a better and more powerful instrument
because you have learned it."Knowledge is power",but still more,the faculty of using
knowledge is power.If you have a trained and powerful mind,you are sure to have stored it
with something,but its value is more in what it can do,what it can grasp and use,than in
what is contains and if it were possible,as it is not,to come out of college with a trained
mind and nothing useful in it,you would still be ahead,and still,in a manner,educated.
65.The writer tells us in the passage that many of the facts you get by hard study ___
A.will be forgotten.
B.deal with rules of health.
C.will be very useful to you in later life.
D.will help you to understand the meaning of life.
这是一道细节理解题,不容易一下子找到答案,还是老办法,把疑问带到文中去找对你有帮助的信息.在文
章前部分有这样一句话:So a good part of what you learn by hard study may not be kept forever
in your mind...其中"a good part of"是"大部分"的意思,而65题题目中的"many of"也是"大部分"的意
思,比较这两句话,发现它们实际在表达同一个意思,只是更换了关键的词语.找到了这些联系,你就很容易
确定答案A是正确的了.如果你错选了C或D,则是盲目地将这道题与全文联系起来了.
2 关于速度的争议
速度是阅读能力的重要方面,速度快的读者(用这个词纯粹是简便起见)可以以惊人的速度浏览文章,掌握
其大意,然后在一些技巧的指导下快速解决问题,从而为后面的作文留下充裕的时间.速度也是我的最大优
势.但是,速度和理解程度不成正比,"Haste makes waste."(欲速则不达)我忍不住引用这条俗语,想提醒
大家不要单纯看重速度.速度自然是越快越好,但速度的提高要始终遵循着一个前提:快速阅读不至于影响
你的理解.你是否有过这种体会:大段大段的文字你飞快地读完了,没有遇到生词,但你却不知道自己读的
是什么.这种情况主要发生在阅读一些长句子很多的文章时,速度快将不利于你的正确断句,而正确断句和
明确句子成分是看懂长句的基础.这里我提出两个不同的"速度":阅读速度和思考速度,如果你的思考速度
跟不上你的阅读速度,读得再快也是白费力气.因此致力于提高阅读速度的同学们,一定要知道自己的思考
速度有多快.阅读速度是容易提高的,但思考速度的提高是一个艰巨的过程,需要大量的练习和一定的语感.
后者是一种令人困惑的东西,因为语感是难以形容的.我的建议是:不要去管它,只要不断地读,你的语感就
会不知不觉地提高.它的好处太大了,好的语感可以大大加快你的思考速度,有时凭语感做题甚至比凭语法
做题更快更准确(但这不是绝对的).
>>小技巧
1 如果文章类型是故事或议论文,要特别注意开头和末尾,因为作者的观点或议论的中心最有可能出现在
这两个位置.
2 边读边划是一个好习惯,它可以帮助你提取文中最重要的有利于解题的信息.如果你因为时间紧迫需要
快速做完阅读理解,可以采取先看题目再看文章的做法,这样在读文章的同时可以随手把与题目相关的语
句划下来,做题时方便参照,大幅度节省时间.
3 当出现关于文章主旨或故事主要内容的问题时,要着眼于整篇文章,不要过分重视个别语句.
4 注意文中的关联词语,例如First,...secondly,...For one thing,...for another...这有助于划分文
章结构.
>>最后要说的
方法和技巧固然重要,但它们只有通过大量的练习才会起显著作用,Practice makes perfect.
附:本人高三,这次期中考试英语成绩:142.5,其中
听力,阅读理解全对;单选扣掉1*3=3分,完型填空扣掉1.5*1=1.5分,改错扣掉1分,作文扣掉2分.
-
www.smartmel.com
>>问题类型
1 主旨提问:包括文章大意,作者观点,文章的合适标题等
2 信息提炼:需要从原文中找到答案或经过对原文信息的简单加工整理得到答案,例如:Which of the
following is true according to the passage?How many persons were involved in the story?
3 细节理解:对文中个别句,词的理解,或对文中涉及到的事件发生的原因作出解释
4 推断猜测:根据文章含义来推测已发生事件的原因或未知事件的结果等
5 其他
说明:以上列出了阅读理解的常见问题类型,从中可以发现,有至少80%的题目答案(这是一个极其重要的
事实)是可以直接在原文中找到或对原文信息进行简单加工后得到的.即使是推断题,其范围也只局限于
文章的浅层含义(按照符合常理的理解),因此做这类题时切忌"理解"过深(我以前就经常这样)或随意展
开想象的翅膀,应该以"文"为本.
>>误区分析
1 只要能把文章完全看懂,就能把题目全都作对
这几乎是一个普遍的观点了,也是我以前在阅读理解上失分的主要原因.但是,当我们在对答案时,发现自
己原先很有把握的选择却和答案不一致,是不是感到很不平,甚至去怀疑答案呢?关键在于明确这种试题
的特点:阅读理解重在"理解",但这里的"理解"不是我们对文章的随意理解,而是出题者希望我们产生的
那种理解.我虽然痛恨思想的束缚,但是我强烈建议在做这类题时尽量忘记"个性",不要产生任何"非分"
的想法.一般来说,如果你对文章的理解没有什么障碍,那么在做题时可以很快地排除至少两个选项,最后
往往在剩下的两个选项中犹豫不决.这时你需要有非常清醒的头脑,不要犹豫,也不要试图利用主观推理
来确定你的答案,而要回到文章中去,根据主旨句,题目的叙述等能够利用的一切线索来帮你找答案.始终
记住:文章本身是它后面所有题目的基础,做任何题都不要脱离文章.下面就这个问题举一个例子,是本次
期中考试的第一篇阅读理解中的第59题,先给出原文:
Sometimes love can happen by accident.A man known of his mental quickness was able to do
something about it.
Mark Twain was on board ship,bound for Holy Land,when he got to know a young man called
Charles J Langdon of Elmira,New York.These were the early day's of Twain's growing fame.
Langdon told Twain how much he admired his writing.Twain was already getting used to this
kind of attention,but when Longdon showed him a photo of his sister,Olivia,he was
immediately smitten.He just had to meet the girl!
Back in the United States,Twain managed to get an invitation to the Langdon home to stay
for a week,with the only intent of finally meeting the beautiful "Livy",whose face he could
not forget.He was not to be disappointed.He was entirely taken with her.He found himself
deeply in love,with the week drawing to a close.He knew Livy was the darling of the family,
and his own feelings put him in a difficult situation with his hosts.
"My week is up",he told Langdon,"and I must go home"When Longdon advised him to stay a bit
longer,Twain said,"I am in love".
"In what?"
"In love -- with your sister,and I ought to get away from here".
Much as he admired Twain as a writer,Langdon was instantly alarmed.The Langdon family agreed
that no man was good enough for darling Livy.He stopped pressing Twain to extend his stay.
Immediately after dinner,they packed into Langdon's wagon to ride to the station,only to be
thrown onto the street when the seat of the wagon came loose.
Twain was only frightened by the accident,but he made the most of it.He ramained at the
Langdon house another two weeks to "recover".He won the heart of his Livy,and they were
married.
59.The author would most likely agree with which of the following statement?
A.Mark Twain had planned his trip to Holy Land so that he could meet Livy.
B.Mark Twain purposefully loosened the screws on the wagon seat.
C.Mark Twain knew how to make chance happen.
D.Mark Twain was an ill-mannered man.
首先排除D选项.A选项叙述的是已经发生的事实,与题意不符,也可以排除.剩下来的是比较迷惑人的B和C
选项.想象力丰富的同学可能会倾向于B选项,以前的我也很可能会这样选,但是上文已经说过,做阅读理解
时最好把想象力收敛一些.这时注意一下题目:The author would most likely agree with...显然是在
询问作者观点,而作者的观点最有可能出现在原文的开头或末尾.看看文章的开头:Sometimes love can
happen by accident.A man known for his mental quickness was able to do something about it.
后面一句是关键,因为它非常明确地表达了作者的观点,再把它和59题的C选项比较,不难的出结论:A man
known for his mental quickness指的就是Mark Twain这样的人,并且两句话的意思相近.这些理由足够
使你下定决心选C了.由此可见做题时参考文章的重要性.
这次期中考试的阅读理解题有一定难度,但我想文章难是一方面,另一个重要方面是文章后的个别题目设
计得有难度,例如第三篇文章的第65题,原文如下:
Your mind,like your body,is a thing,the powers of which are developed by effort.That is
major use,as I see it,of hard work in studies.Unless you train your body you can't be much
of a scholar.The four miles a runner covers at top speed is in itself nothing to the good,
but the physical capacity to hold out over the course is thought to be of some worth.So a
good part of what you learn by hard study may not be kept forever in your mind,and may not
seem to be of much final value,but your mind is a better and more powerful instrument
because you have learned it."Knowledge is power",but still more,the faculty of using
knowledge is power.If you have a trained and powerful mind,you are sure to have stored it
with something,but its value is more in what it can do,what it can grasp and use,than in
what is contains and if it were possible,as it is not,to come out of college with a trained
mind and nothing useful in it,you would still be ahead,and still,in a manner,educated.
65.The writer tells us in the passage that many of the facts you get by hard study ___
A.will be forgotten.
B.deal with rules of health.
C.will be very useful to you in later life.
D.will help you to understand the meaning of life.
这是一道细节理解题,不容易一下子找到答案,还是老办法,把疑问带到文中去找对你有帮助的信息.在文
章前部分有这样一句话:So a good part of what you learn by hard study may not be kept forever
in your mind...其中"a good part of"是"大部分"的意思,而65题题目中的"many of"也是"大部分"的意
思,比较这两句话,发现它们实际在表达同一个意思,只是更换了关键的词语.找到了这些联系,你就很容易
确定答案A是正确的了.如果你错选了C或D,则是盲目地将这道题与全文联系起来了.
2 关于速度的争议
速度是阅读能力的重要方面,速度快的读者(用这个词纯粹是简便起见)可以以惊人的速度浏览文章,掌握
其大意,然后在一些技巧的指导下快速解决问题,从而为后面的作文留下充裕的时间.速度也是我的最大优
势.但是,速度和理解程度不成正比,"Haste makes waste."(欲速则不达)我忍不住引用这条俗语,想提醒
大家不要单纯看重速度.速度自然是越快越好,但速度的提高要始终遵循着一个前提:快速阅读不至于影响
你的理解.你是否有过这种体会:大段大段的文字你飞快地读完了,没有遇到生词,但你却不知道自己读的
是什么.这种情况主要发生在阅读一些长句子很多的文章时,速度快将不利于你的正确断句,而正确断句和
明确句子成分是看懂长句的基础.这里我提出两个不同的"速度":阅读速度和思考速度,如果你的思考速度
跟不上你的阅读速度,读得再快也是白费力气.因此致力于提高阅读速度的同学们,一定要知道自己的思考
速度有多快.阅读速度是容易提高的,但思考速度的提高是一个艰巨的过程,需要大量的练习和一定的语感.
后者是一种令人困惑的东西,因为语感是难以形容的.我的建议是:不要去管它,只要不断地读,你的语感就
会不知不觉地提高.它的好处太大了,好的语感可以大大加快你的思考速度,有时凭语感做题甚至比凭语法
做题更快更准确(但这不是绝对的).
>>小技巧
1 如果文章类型是故事或议论文,要特别注意开头和末尾,因为作者的观点或议论的中心最有可能出现在
这两个位置.
2 边读边划是一个好习惯,它可以帮助你提取文中最重要的有利于解题的信息.如果你因为时间紧迫需要
快速做完阅读理解,可以采取先看题目再看文章的做法,这样在读文章的同时可以随手把与题目相关的语
句划下来,做题时方便参照,大幅度节省时间.
3 当出现关于文章主旨或故事主要内容的问题时,要着眼于整篇文章,不要过分重视个别语句.
4 注意文中的关联词语,例如First,...secondly,...For one thing,...for another...这有助于划分文
章结构.
>>最后要说的
方法和技巧固然重要,但它们只有通过大量的练习才会起显著作用,Practice makes perfect.
附:本人高三,这次期中考试英语成绩:142.5,其中
听力,阅读理解全对;单选扣掉1*3=3分,完型填空扣掉1.5*1=1.5分,改错扣掉1分,作文扣掉2分.
-
www.smartmel.com